Pdf status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia. Spate irrigation engineering manual floodbased livelihoods. Topics include drip irrigation system overview, starting up your system, basic system operation, fertigation, chemigation, salinity management, system maintenance, and maximizing your investment. Conveyance and drainage system in spate irrigation a case. Simulating water allocation and cropping decisions in. This thesis is about spate irrigation in eritrea with special reference to soil and water. Allows the user to activate the station manually 12. Each module has an introductory portion and three topics. Name title institution 1 dr hussein mansoor asst director crop research mafcdrd 2 prof. Spate irrigation is a crop irrigation technique consisting of diverting seasonal stormwater from valleys, rivers, riverbeds and gullies by gravity onto farmland situated at a lower elevation than the flood water. Training manual for extension staff and farmers list of contributors no.
Research methodologies the methodologies used to address the above questions included. Spate irrigation is an ancient form of water management, involving the diversion of flashy. The focus of the manual is on simple, field scale systems for improved production of crops, trees and rangeland species in drought prone areas. Estimation of the design floods, for an entire ungauged area, is among the main challenges for the spate irrigation system designers in myanmar. Pdf status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia frank van. It is different from conventional irrigation in many ways and therefore needs special skills and approaches that address the unpredictability and magnitude of spate floods. Republic of yemen ministry of agriculture and irrigation irrigation improvement project ida credit no. Micro irrigation is an ideal way to produce high value crops as it reduces water use, increases crop yield and gives good quality produce within less time and money as compared to traditional ways of cultivating and. Such structures have been constructed in spate irrigated areas of pakistan using different construction material with the participation of local communities. Engineering manual for spate irrigation, november 2011 abbreviations and ac ronyms dem digital elevation model edf european development fund elwdp eastern lowlands wadi development project. You can also insert your corrections in the proof pdf and email the annotated pdf. While the regional government has introduced a policy promoting spate irrigation, in which seasonal spate is. In the sheeb area in eastern eritrea a participatory rural appraisalpra was carried out in two villages, one upstream and one downstreamof the ephemeral rivers laba and maiule. The indigenous irrigation technique already used in the coastal plains zone of eritrea is known as spate irrigation, locally also called jeriff.
Feedbackbased approaches enable more efficient handling of resources than openloop systems, at the expense of complexity and stability issues. Technical and operational manuals and guidelines of spate irrigation systems. The preparation of the third edition of the irrigation manual is an initiative of faos subregional office for east and southern africa safr. Irrigation scheduling and delivery systems 209 demonstration 1. Participatory rural appraisal of spate irrigation systems in. Design principles and robustness of spate community. The boro dodota spate irrigation project is the first case of the modern medium scale spate irrigation in the state initiated in 2004 having 5,000 ha of the command area. Although drip systems are efficient without a timer, an addition of a timer will save you more time and more money. Pdf spate irrigation in afghanistan said hashmat sadat. Manual onoff indicates when manual watering is programmed. A drip irrigation system is easy to drip irrigation is the slow and precise delivery of water to chosen plantings.
Dripirrigation systems for small conventional vegetable. Soil moistures are difficult to measure, and their target levels cannot be. Mv indicates that station one is set to master valve operation only available on 2,4, or 6 station models. Irrigations most basic function is to provide water where and when it is needed. Water harvesting systems for water supply such as haffirs, ponds and rooftop tanks are not covered in this manual, nor are largescale water spreading systems spate irrigation. Spate irrigation is an ancient form of water management, involving the. Engineering manual for spate irrigation, november 2011. Spate irrigation is the practice of diverting flash floods from intermittent ephemeral river beds through irrigation canals to fields surrounded by earthen bunds lawrence and van steenbergen, 2005 whereby the large volume of flood water induced by precipitation in the upper catchment is directed to low land and wadi areas haile et al. Pdf this article discusses spate irrigation in ethiopia and aims to take stock. Henry mahoo irrigation and water resources expert sua morogoro 3 dr. As spate irrigation uses seasonal floods for irrigation, it is akin but different from two other categories of floodbased irrigation systems, i. The contents of each topic can be considered as inputs for a training session. Design principles and robustness of spate community managed irrigation systems in the punjab, pakistan introduction out of a total cultivable area of 24.
Irrigation is not provided directly to plants, but to the root zone of the soil. The whole project was managed and coordinated by andreas p. Automatic irrigation based on soil moisture for vegetable crops. Spate irrigation has evolved over the centuries and provided rural populations in arid and semiarid regions with an ingenious way to manage their scarce water resources. The root zone functions as a reservoir and is highly dependent on plant type, soil type, soil compaction, and other factors.
It is used in conjunction with an irrigation controller. The systems are easy to install, require no trenching, and the only tools needed are pruning shears and a punch. Design principles and robustness of spate community managed. The objectives of the studywere to obtain a better understanding of farmermanaged spate irrigationsystems and to enable the local people to perform their own farmingsystem analysis. Traditional irrigation projects water through the air. Battery status indicates remaining battery life 14 umbrella indicates the rain sensor is suspending. The traditional flood irrigation system in the baihan valley in shabwa. Timers are used to automate the watering of a drip irrigation system or sprinkler system. A manual or electric irrigation device used to control the flow of water.
The project administration manual pam for the project design advance pda is an abridged. One most important drawback being mentioned by beneficiaries of spate irrigation systems was the encroachment of river beds and canals with prosopis juliflora, blocking the water flow when it. Surface irrigation sswm find tools for sustainable. Water, soil and crop management relating to the use of saline water fao.
Spate irrigation is practised traditionally in many parts of the middle east, notably in the south and east of the arabian peninsula, in northern africa, in the sudan and in eritrea peter, 1987. Hill torrents potentials and spate irrigation management to support agricultural strategies in pakistan water according to their water rights. Part 623, chapter 4 surface irrigation pdf electronic version. Optimum irrigation and pond operation to move away from. Spate irrigation in the context of river basin resource management. Gardenscale irrigation 219 handson exercises 16 221 assessment questions and key 227 resources 229 supplements 1. The challenges and suggested ways to overcome them 3. Hill torrents potentials and spate irrigation management to. Request pdf the eritrean spate irrigation system eritreas coastal zone has been identified as an area of substantial development potential.
The three most common methods are basin irrigation, border irrigation and furrow irrigation. Marandu plant breeder mafc drd 5 said yongolo asst director. A particular problem for spate irrigation areas is the establishment of prosopis juliflora in the irrigation systems where they disturb the water flow. Using the contents of each module, learning processes can be designed to follow the sequence of. Product names such as spate, simplite and seltorque, are registered trademarks. Timers allow water schedules to be set and carried out without worry day after day. The eritrean spate irrigation system sciencedirect. Although the spate irrigation system is an ancient practice, it is only in the past very few decades the system has undergone little modernization interventions. Irrigation performance under alternative field designs in a. The second part of this chapter discusses the methods, structures and customs of spate irrigation. Automatic irrigation based on soil moisture for vegetable crops 2 working principles, advantages and drawbacks tables 1 and 2 in bul.
Combined with part 623, chapter 4 surface irrigation. Toro ags drip irrigation owners manual provides a comprehensive guide for both new and existing row, field and permanent crop growers. Guidelines for wadi diversion and protection works 2008 new design manual prepared based on work in horn of africa. Drip irrigation experts recognize that in order to reap the maximum benefits from a drip irrigation system a timer is a must. Punjab province a large spate system was built on the mithawan hill torrent, using jica. The manual for the irrigation system management training of irrigators associations consists of six modules. Articles and manuals on irrigation, drainage and land rehabilitation below one can find references to lecture notes, scientific articles, software manuals, and project reports that are shown in pdf. Manual systems are usually too slow even with a high gain mechanism. Conveyance and drainage system in spate irrigation a case of. Individual and group consultations and observations during a number of occasions when floods were disseminated, and structures were repaired andor reconstructed. This may be done by free intakes, by diversion spurs or by bunds. Drip irrigation design colorado state forest service. As for the irrigation development, the region had irrigated only 12% of 1.
Articles are given on agricultural land drainage for agriculture including drainage criteria and requirements. These methods estimate soil moisture by a calibrated relationship with some other measurable variable. Savva and karen frenken, water resources development. The suitability of each method depends on several issues such as cost, accuracy, response time. Irrigationprinciples and practices introduction 205 lecture 1. Technical assistance for the support to the agricultural sector food security programme in eritrea landell mills ltd. Surface irrigation stands for a large group of irrigation methods in which water is distributed by gravity over the surface of the field note. Because these are often similar from one area to another, the study will mainly focus on two models. Status and potential of spate irrigation in ethiopia article pdf available in water resources management 257. If irrigation is the manipulation of water for use in growing crops, spate irrigation is perhaps. Spate irrigation from the english word spate, meaning.
For any query regarding this website, please contact the web information manager. This manual engineering manual spate irrigation is intended to both provide an introduction to the engineering of spate irrigation schemes and provide a practical guide for selection and designing. For irrigation systems that entirely wet the field overhead or flood systems, irrigation rates are typically expressed in inches. The indigenous irrigation technique already used in the coastal plains zone of eritrea is. Figure 1 newly developed spate irrigation system in east harrarghe, ethiopia.
1460 1321 1358 1106 1517 1512 1631 812 1005 1334 1339 831 848 1536 1313 673 864 358 1140 992 1481 429 826 757 142 321 898 1025 1452 1430 251 649 644 1209 1447